Detección polimórfica del rs104893850 de MSX1 y rs28933373 de PAX9 en personas con agenesia dental no sindrómica / Polymorphic detection of rs104893850 of MSX1 and rs28933373 of PAX9 in people with non syndromic dental agnesia

Introducción: la agenesia dental no sindrómica (ADNS) genera efec- tos negativos en la salud oral y psicosocial de los seres humanos. El determinante genético desempeña un papel importante en su desarrollo. Objetivo: determinar la frecuencia de los polimorfismos rs104893850 de MSX1 y rs28933373 de PAX9 en pacientes de seis a 18 años con ADNS. Material y métodos: estudio transversal prolectivo en el cual se revisaron individuos de seis a 18 años sin defectos congénitos y originarios del estado de Durango. Después de haber obtenido su con- sentimiento para formar parte del estudio, se estableció el diagnóstico de ADNS a través de una inspección clínica odontológica y un examen radiográfico. Se tomó una muestra de sangre capilar para la genotipi- ficación de los polimorfismos a través de la técnica de qPCR-HRM. Resultados: de un total de 124 individuos, 77 (62%) mujeres y 47 (38%) hombres; sólo 39 presentaron ADNS. En el análisis polimórfico de rs104893850 de MSX1 y rs28933373 de PAX9 se obtuvo 94.9% y 84.6% respectivamente de homocigotos mutados. Conclusiones: se obtuvo una alta frecuencia de hipodoncia, el diente que mostró más agenesia fue el órgano dentario 18. Las mutaciones polimórficas están presentes en una alta proporción de agenesia dental (AU)

Introduction: non-syndromic dental agenesis (NSDA) generates negative oral health and psychosocial effects in humans. The genetic determinant plays an important role in its development. Objective: to determine the frequency of MSX1 rs104893850 and PAX9 rs28933373 polymorphisms in patients aged 6 to 18 years with NSDA. Material and methods: prolective cross-sectional study, in which individuals aged 6 to 18 years without congenital defects and from the city of Durango were reviewed. After obtaining their consent to be part of the study, the diagnosis of NSDA was established through a clinical dental inspection, a radiographic examination and a capillary blood sample was taken for the genotyping of the polymorphisms through the qPCR-HRM technique. Results: out of a total of 124 individuals, 77 (62%) females and 47 (38%) males; only 39 presented ADNS. In the polymorphic analysis of rs104893850 of MSX1 and rs28933373 of PAX9 we obtained 94.9% and 84.6% respectively of mutated homozygotes. Conclusions: a high frequency of hypodontia was obtained, and the tooth that presented the most agenesis was dental organ 18. Polymorphic mutations are present in a high proportion for dental agenesis (AU)

Agenesias dentárias atípicas: relato de caso clínico / Atypical dental agenesis: clinical case report

A agenesia dentaria é uma anomalia de desenvolvimento caracterizada pela determinação congênita de menor numero de dentes, podendo estar associada a síndromes genéticas ou ocorrer isoladamente. Embora seja considerada uma das anomalias mais frequentes quando envolve terceiros molares, segundo pré-molares e incisivos laterais, sua ocorrência em dentes estáveis, tais como o canino e o primeiro molar permanente é rara. Desta forma, este relato apresentará o caso de uma paciente do sexo feminino, 8 anos idade, que iniciou tratamento de rotina na Clínica de Odontopediatria da UNIFENAS. Na anamnese não foi relatada pela responsável a ocorrência de alterações sistêmicas, nem queixa ou histórico odontológico relevante. No exame clínico odontológico, notou-se o não irrompimento do primeiro molar permanente superior direito (16). Diante dos exames de imagem, foi confirmada a agenesia do dente 16 e também do canino permanente superior direito (13). A agenesia, sobretudo de dentes estáveis e relevantes no arco dentário, pode comprometer o desenvolvimento adequado da oclusão, mastigação, fonação e estética. Desta maneira, é importante o diagnóstico precoce desta ocorrência com o objetivo de favorecer a elaboração de um adequado plano de tratamento e, minimizar as sequelas destas agenesias atípicas(AU)

Dental agenesis is a developmental anomaly characterized by the congenital determination of fewer teeth, may be associated with genetic syndromes or occur in an isolated form. Although it is considered one of the most frequent anomalies when it involves third molars, second lateral premolars and incisors, the occurrence in stable teeth, such as the permanent canine and the permanent first molar is rare. This report will present the case of an 8-year-old female patient who started routine treatment at the Pediatric Dentistry Clinic of UNIFENAS. In the anamnesis, the responsible person did not report the occurrence of systemic alterations, or a relevant dental complaint or history. On dental clinical examination, it was noticed the non-rupture of the permament maxillar right first molar (16). In view of the imaging tests, the agenesis of tooth 16 and also of the permanent maxillary right canine (13) was confirmed. Agenesis, especially of stable and relevant teeth in the dental arch, may compromise the proper development of occlusion, chewing, phonation and aesthetics. Thus, it is of paramount importance to early diagnosis of this occurrence in order to favor the development of an appropriate treatment plan in order to minimize the sequelae of these atypical agenesis(AU)

Prevalencia de agenesia dental en pacientes evaluados en ortodoncia, Santiago de Chile / Prevalence of dental agenesis in patients evaluated in orthodontics, Santiago de Chile

Resumen La agenesia dentaria es una anomalía frecuente de detectar en un examen odontológico. Objetivo: Determinar la prevalencia de agenesias en la población chilena actual, comparar según sexo, diente afectado y clase esqueletal, y registrar microdoncia de incisivos laterales superiores permanentes. Materiales y métodos: En este estudio descriptivo transversal, se contabilizó el número de agenesias dentarias presentes en 278 radiografías panorámicas de un total de 9207 pacientes, que ingresaron a tratamiento de ortodoncia durante el año 2017 en un centro clínico privado de Santiago de Chile. Resultados: Se obtuvo una prevalencia de agenesia del 3,02%, encontrando una mayor frecuencia de agenesia de segundos premolares inferiores, seguido de incisivos laterales superiores. Hubo una mayor cantidad de agenesias en pacientes de sexo femenino. Conclusión: Los segundos premolares son los dientes con mayor prevalencia de agenesias, no se evidenció la asociación de agenesias en alguna clase esqueletal específica, y se sugieren más estudios para describir la prevalencia de los terceros molares, debido a que este diente está en vías de dejar desarrollarse, según la teoría evolutiva.

Abstract Dental agenesis is a frequent anomaly detected in a dental examination. Objective: To determine the prevalence of agenesis in the current Chilean population, compare according to sex, affected tooth, skeletal class, and record microdontia of permanent upper lateral incisors. Materials and methods: In this cross-sectional descriptive study, the number of dental agenesis present in 278 panoramic radiographs of a total of 9207 patients who entered orthodontic treatment during 2017 in a private clinical center in Santiago de Chile was recorded. Results: A prevalence of agenesis of 3.02% was obtained, finding a higher frequency in lower second premolars, followed by upper lateral incisors. Females presented a higher amount of cases in comparison to males. Conclusion: The second premolars are the teeth with the highest prevalence of agenesis. The association of this alteration with some specific skeletal class was not evidenced. More studies are suggested to describe it´s prevalence in the third molars, beacause according to the evolutionary theory this tooth might eventually disappear.

Uma nova possibilidade para o tratamento da Agenesia dental: Relato de um caso clínico / A new possibility for the treatment of agenesia dental: report of a clinical case

Objetivo: relatar um caso clínico em que a paciente buscava um tratamento não invasivo para reabilitação estética anterior em um quadro de presença de agenesia, dente conoide e restaurações insatisfatórias. Relato de caso: a paciente B.M.S., de 19 anos, procurou uma clínica particular em Belo Horizonte, insatisfeita com seus dentes anteriores, em função de uma agenesia do dente 22, restabelecida através de uma ponte adesiva de coloração mais escura, restauração de resina composta manchada no dente 12, que é conoide, e manchamento das restaurações em resina composta dos dentes 11, 13 e 21. Para o planejamento, considerou-se que a paciente não queria se submeter a procedimentos cirúrgicos, como implantes dentários. O tratamento proposto foi a confecção de seis restaurações cerâmicas, associando lâminas ultrafinas de 0,5 mm a uma ponte adesiva. A estética do sorriso foi restabelecida de acordo com as expectativas da paciente e dos profissionais envolvidos. Considerações finais: o tratamento foi considerado uma possibilidade real e conservadora, já que foram realizados preparos minimamente invasivos e a paciente não foi submetida à instalação de implantes. A ponte adesiva associada aos laminados cerâmicos foi extremamente satisfatória em relação ao restabelecimento da estética e da função do sorriso da paciente.(AU)

Objective: to report a case in which a patient sought noninvasive treatment for anterior aesthetic rehabilitation in the presence of agenesis, controlled tooth and unsatisfactory restoration. Case report: a 19-year-old BMS patient sought a specific clinic in Belo Horizonte, with anterior tooth problems, on a function of tooth agenesis 22, restored a darker-colored adhesive bridge, isolated resin restoration on tooth 12, which is tested and found in composite resin restorations of teeth 11, 13 and 21. For the planning considered, the patient did not want to undergo surgical procedures such as dental implants. The proposed treatment was the fabrication of six ceramic restorations, associating ultra-thin 0.5 mm blades with an adhesive bridge. The aesthetics of the smile were restored according to the expectations of the patient and the professionals involved. Final considerations: the treatment was considered a real and conservative possibility, since minimally invasive preparations were performed and one patient was not submitted to implant placement. The adhesive bridge associated with ceramic laminates was extremely satisfactory regarding the restoration of the aesthetics and smile function of the patient.(AU)

Manifestaciones orales de la incontinencia pigmentaria (Síndrome de BlochSulzberger) / Oral manifestations of pigmentary incontinence (BlochSulzberger syndrome)

Paciente de sexo femenino de 13 años de edad que acudió al servicio de Odontopediatría del Instituto de Salud Oral del Hospital Central de la Fuerza Aérea de Perú en el mes de setiembre del año 2018 debido a una renovación en la prótesis parcial provisional que utilizaba desde hace cinco meses. Al examen clínico extraoral se evidenció lesiones cicatrizales en la piel de la región nasal; durante la evaluación intraoral se evidenció la pérdida de múltiples dientes, rebordes edéntulos amplios y delgados, alteraciones en la morfología dentaria, así como discordancia de la erupción dentaria con la edad de la paciente. Al examen radiográfico se evidenció alteración y retardo en la erupción dentaria, impactación de un diente en la mandíbula, falta de desarrollo radicular y persistencia de dientes temporales. El diagnóstico médico definitivo fue el Síndrome de Bloch ­ Sulzberger también denominado como "incontinencia pigmentaria". Este síndrome se caracteriza por presentar una variedad de manifestaciones orales como: agenesia dentaria, alteración en la morfología dentaria, dientes retenidos y/o impactados así como alteración y retraso en la erupción dentaria. A nivel sistémico este síndrome presenta lesiones que afectan a la piel, pelo, visión, sistema nervioso central, entre otros.

A 13-year-old female patient went to the pediatric dentistry service of the Oral Health Institute of the Central Air Force Hospital of Peru in September of 2018. She sought care to have her temporary partial prosthesis renewed. The extraoral clinical examination showed scar lesions on the skin of the nasal region; the intraoral evaluation showed the loss of multiple teeth, wide and thin edentulous ridges, alterations in dental morphology, as well as the inconsistency of the dental eruption with the patient's age. The radiographic examination showed alteration and delay in dental eruption, impaction of a tooth in the jaw, lack of root development and persistence of temporary teeth. The definitive medical diagnosis was BlochSulzberger Syndrome, also referred to as "pigmentary incontinence". This syndrome is characterized by presenting a variety of oral manifestations such as dental agenesis, alteration in dental morphology, retained and/or impacted teeth as well as alteration anddelay in dental eruption. At a systemic level, this syndrome has lesions that affect the skin, hair, vision, central nervous system, among others.

Paciente do sexo feminino, 13 anos, que compareceu ao Serviço de Odontopediatria do Instituto de Saúde Bucal do Hospital Central da Força Aérea do Peru, em setembro de 2018, devido à renovação da prótese parcial provisória utilizada por ela. por cinco meses. O exame clínico extraoral mostrou lesões cicatriciais na pele da região nasal; Durante a avaliação intraoral, a perda de múltiplos dentes, cristas edêntulas, extensas e finas, alterações na morfologia dentária, bem como a incongruência da erupção dentária com a idade do paciente foi evidente. O exame radiográfico mostrou alteração e atraso na erupção dentária, impactação de um dente na mandíbula, falta de desenvolvimento radicular e persistência de dentes temporários. O diagnóstico médico definitivo foi a síndrome de Bloch - Sulzberger, também conhecida como "incontinência pigmentar". A síndrome é caracterizada por apresentar uma variedade de manifestações bucais, como: agenesia dentária, alteração na morfologia dentária, retenção e / ou impacto dos dentes, bem como alteração e atraso na erupção dentária. Em nível sistêmico, essa síndrome apresenta lesões que afetam a pele, o cabelo, a visão, o sistema nervoso central, entre outros.

Maloclusão de classe II com agenesia de incisivo lateral superior e contralateral conoide tratada com substituição de laterais por caninos / Class II malocclusion with agenesis of upper lateral incisor and conoid contralateral treated with

A proposta do presente caso clínico foi relatar o tratamento ortodôntico da maloclusão de Classe II dentária e esquelética em paciente com agenesia de lateral superior e contrala-teral conoide com mesialização de caninos. Para tal, utilizou-se inicialmente mecânica com orientação de Classe III, seguida de mecânica de deslize para mesialização dos dentes do arco superior. Passado o período de 30 meses, obteve-se uma boa intercuspidação dentária com guias de desoclusão. Os resultados obtidos foram considerados satisfatórios, uma vez que se conseguiu estética e função (AU)

The purpose of the present case report was to report the orthodontic treatment of dental and skeletal Class II malocclusion in a patient with superior lateral and contralateral conoid agenesis with canine mesialization. For this purpose it was initially used mechanics with Class III orientation followed by slide mechanics for mesialization of upper arch teeth. After the period of 30 months, a good dental intercuspidation was obtained with disocclusion guides. The results obtained were considered satisfactory since aesthetics and function were obtained. (AU)

Caracterización dental de niños colombianos con hendiduras labio palatinas no sindrómicas / Dental characterization of colombian children with non syndromic cleft lip and palate

Resumen: Introducción: Comparados con la población general, los sujetos con labio y paladar hendido presentan alteraciones en su crecimiento y desarrollo craneofacial y una alta prevalencia de anomalías dentales, que varía según la población estudiada, entre ellas: agenesias, presencia de dientes supernumerarios, morfología coronal anormal y taurodontismo. Objetivo: Evaluar la prevalencia de anomalías dentales encontradas en niños colombianos con secuelas de hendiduras labio palatinas no sindrómicas, atendidos en instituciones prestadoras de salud. Metodología: Se realizó un estudio observacional descriptivo transversal en una muestra de 258 historias clínicas y radiografías panorámicas de niños colombianos de diferentes instituciones prestadoras de salud de la ciudad de Bogotá-Colombia. De los cuales 60.5% (156/258) eran hombres y 39.5% (102/258) mujeres. El promedio de edad fue 9.8 (± 3.3) años. Resultados: De las radiografías evaluadas se determinó que 38.4% (99/258) de los niños presentaban secuelas de labio y paladar hendido unilateral izquierdo completo, 31.0% (80/258) bilateral y 30.6% (79/258) con unilateral derecho. Las principales anomalías dentales encontradas fueron: agenesias dentales, dientes supernumerarios, anomalías de tamaño. La prevalencia encontrada para cada una de ellas fue: agenesias dentales: mayor del 90%. Dientes supernumerarios: 40% y en anomalías de tamaño estuvo alrededor del 30%. Conclusión: Se encontraron altas prevalencias en anomalías dentales en los niños con labio y paladar hendido en Bogotá, similar a lo reportado en la literatura científica.

Abstract: Introduction: When compared to general population, subjects afflicted with cleft lip and palate present alterations in craniofacial growth and development as well as high incidence of dental anomalies which vary according to studied population; agenesis, presence of supernumerary teeth, abnormal crown morphology and taurodontism can be counted amongst them. Objective: To assess prevalence of dental anomalies found in Colombian children with non syndromic cleft lip and palate sequels, being treated at health providing institutions. Methodology: A cross-sectioned descriptive, observational study was conducted on a sample of 258 medical histories and panoramic X-rays of Colombian children treated at different health providing institutions in the city of Bogota, Colombia. The sample was composed of 156/258 males (60.55%) and 102/258 (39.5%) females. Average age was 9.8 years (± 3.3 years). Results: Based on studied X-rays, it was determined that 38.4% (99/258) children presented full left unilateral cleft lip and palate sequels, 31.0% (80/258) exhibited bilateral cleft and 30.6% (79/258) suffered right unilateral cleft lip and palate. Most frequent dental anomalies found were; dental agenesis, supernumerary teeth and size anomalies. Prevalence for said anomalies were: dental agenesis, over 90%; supernumerary teeth: 40% and size anomalies: 30%. Conclusion: High prevalence of dental anomalies was found in children with cleft lip and palate in Bogota in concordance with information reported in scientific literature.

Multidisciplinary treatment of congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors: a case report / Tratamento multidisciplinar de agenesias de incisivos laterais superiors: relato de caso

Congenital tooth agenesis and tooth loss due to dental traumatism are some of the most common causes leading to rehabilitation of young patients with dental implants. The success of treating congenitally missing teeth with implant-supported prosthesis is no more guided only by osseointegration criteria. Nowadays the successful rehabilitation of these cases involves the adequate installation of dental implants with suitable prosthetic contour, color, and emergence profile closer to that found in natural dentition. Several treatment options are available for restoring patients with congenitally missing teeth such as maxillary lateral incisors. Fixed prosthodontics and orthodontics managements are considered acceptable treatment protocols. However, the gold standard rehabilitation of congenitally missing maxillary incisors is performed with implant-based prosthesis since no tooth wear neither extensive tooth movements are necessary. The present paper reports the treatment of a young adult woman with congenitally missing maxillary lateral incisors who underwent orthodontic treatment for improvement of teeth alignment and occlusal balance previous to dental implant surgery. This treatment also allowed appropriate space for the future lateral incisors crowns. Then, Morse-type conical implants were positioned and prosthetic abutments installed. Ceramic laminates were planned on central incisors in order to improve anterior aesthetics. All-ceramic crowns and laminates were made using lithium dissilicate-based ceramic (e-Max Press). The multidisciplinary association of orthodontic, implant and prosthetic techniques resulted in successful functional and aesthetic rehabilitation of the case, which was maintained after 1 year follow up.

Agenesias e perdas dentárias devido a traumatismos estão entre as principais causas de reabilitações de pacientes jovens com implantes dentários. O sucesso do tratamento de agenesias com implantes osseointegrados não se limita mais à osseointegração exclusivamente. Atualmente, o sucesso da reabilitação destes casos envolve a correta instalação de implantes que favoreçam a confecção de uma prótese com cor, forma e perfil de emergência o mais semelhante possível aos dentes naturais. Os cirurgiões-dentistas têm várias opções para tratar casos de agenesias como as de incisivos laterais superiores. Próteses fixas convencionais e movimentação ortodôntica são considerados protocolos de tratamento aceitáveis. Entretanto, agenesias de incisivos laterais superiores são reabilitadas satisfatoriamente com próteses sobre implantes uma vez que extensas movimentações ou desgastes dentários são necessários. O presente caso relata o tratamento de uma paciente jovem com agenesia dos incisivos laterais que havia feito tratamento ortodôntico para correção do posicionamento dentário e equilíbrio dental antes de se submeter à cirurgia para instalação de implantes. O tratamento ortodôntico também favoreceu a obtenção de espaço apropriado para instalação das coroas dos incisivos laterais. Posteriormente, implantes cônicos com plataforma protética tipo cone morse foram instalados e pilares selecionados. Laminados cerâmicos foram planejados para os incisivos centrais com objetivo de se promover um resultado final mais harmônico e estético. As coroas em cerâmica pura e laminados foram confeccionados com cerâmica a base de dissilicato de lítio (e.Max Press). A associação multidisciplinar entre tratamento ortodôntico, implantes e próteses sobre implantes resultou no sucesso funcional e estético da reabilitação do presente caso com acompanhamento clínico de uma ano.

A rare case report of Oligodontia in the permanent dentition.

Oligodontia is a rare congential disorder of dental anomalies that can occur either as an isolated finding or as part of a syndrome. It is defined as agenesis of six or more teeth excluding the third molars. It is commonly seen in permanent than in deciduous dentition. Patients suffering from oligodontia may present with complex problem such as dental and facial disfigurement. Management of those cases generally requires multidisciplinary approach to restore esthetic and function. This paper reports a rare case of oligodontia in an 18 year old adult female patient who has been missing eight permanent teeth excluding the third molars, clinically and radiographically.

Analysis of width/height ratio and gingival zenith in patients with bilateral agenesis of maxillary lateral incisor

OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the width/length ratio and the gingival zenith (GZ), by means of dental casts and digital caliper, in patients with missing maxillary lateral incisors after treatment. METHODS: The sample was composed of 52 subjects divided into 3 groups: BRG (n = 18), patients with bilateral agenesis treated with tooth re-contouring; BIG (n = 10) patients with agenesis treated with implants and CG (n = 24), control group. The data were analyzed using Shapiro-Wilk, Spearman correlation, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, t test and ANOVA tests (p < 0.05). RESULTS: For the width/length ratio of the lateral incisors, BIG presented the lowest mean values (0.72 right and left), when compared with other groups. However, comparison between groups presented statistically significant differences for the right lateral incisor (BIG x CG) and for the canine (BRG x CG). GZ data evaluation showed the greatest difference for BRG (0.5 right and 0.48 left). BIG (0.95 right and 0.98 left) and CG (0.98 right and 0.8 left) presented more similar values, nevertheless, without statistical difference (p > 0.05). GZ data for the right and left sides of the smile were not considered statistically different. CONCLUSION: Although no statistical difference was found in the comparison between the groups, analysis of the descriptive values showed that group BIG showed the greatest difference in values with regard to width/length ratio. Regarding gingival zenith, BRG showed the greatest difference.

OBJETIVO: o propósito desse estudo foi analisar, por meio de modelos de estudo e paquímetro digital, a proporção largura/altura e o zênite gengival (ZG) em pacientes com agenesia bilateral do incisivo lateral superior após o tratamento. MÉTODOS: a amostra consistiu de 52 voluntários divididos em 3 grupos: GBR (n=18), pacientes com agenesia bilateral tratados com reanatomizações dentárias; GBI (n=10), pacientes com agenesia bilateral tratados com implantes; e GC (n=24), grupo controle. Os dados foram avaliados por meio dos testes de Shapiro-Wilk, Wilcoxon, Kruskal-Wallis, teste t, ANOVA (p<0,05) e correlação de Spearman. RESULTADOS: para a proporção largura/altura dos incisivos laterais, o GBI apresentou menores valores (0,72 direito e esquerdo), quando comparado aos demais. Porém, a comparação intergrupos revelou diferenças estatisticamente significativas para o incisivo lateral direito (GBI x GC) e para o canino (GBR x GC). A avaliação das medianas obtidas para o ZG demonstrou que o GBR foi o mais destoante (0,5 direito e 0,48 esquerdo), e que o GBI (0,95 direito e 0,98 esquerdo) e o GC (0,98 direito e 0,8 esquerdo) apresentaram valores semelhantes, sem diferença estatisticamente significativa (p>0,05). Os valores obtidos para os lados direito e esquerdo foram considerados iguais dentro de cada grupo. CONCLUSÃO: embora não tenham sido encontradas diferenças estatísticas na comparação entre os grupos, pela análise descritiva dos dados, o GBI foi o grupo que apresentou as medidas mais destoantes dos demais em relação à proporção largura/altura, sendo que, para o zênite gengival, a maior diferença observada foi no GBR.

Multiple tooth agenesis in non-syndromic patient: a rare case report / Agenesia múltiple dental en un paciente no-sindrómico: reporte de un caso raro

Dental agenesis is a term referred to the absence of one or more teeth. However, oligodontia is a severe type of tooth agenesis involving six or more congenitally missing teeth, excluding the third molars. Oligodontia has a low prevalence and is a very rare condition. The aim was to show this case report of a 13-year-old female patient who presented oligodontia with absence of eight permanent teeth and condylar atrophy on left side. The patient had no history of any syndrome or systemic disease according to the anamnesis. Is very important to know oligodontia features to perform a carefully treatment plan.

La agenesia dental es un término que se refiere a la ausencia de uno o más dientes. Sin embargo, la oligodoncia es un tipo grave de agenesia dental con ausencia congénita de seis o más dientes, excluyendo los terceros molares. La oligodoncia tiene una prevalencia baja y es una condición muy rara. El objetivo es presentar este reporte de caso de una paciente femenina de 13 años quien presentó oligodoncia con ausencia de ocho dientes permanentes y atrofia condilar en el lado izquierdo. La paciente no presenta historia de padecer algún síndrome o enfermedad sistémica según su anamnesis. Es muy importante de conocer las características de la oligodoncia para llevar a cabo un plan de tratamiento de manera cuidadosa.

Prevalencia y distribución de la agenesia dental en pacientes pediátricos del Área Metropolotana de Caracas Venezuela / Prevalence and distribution of dental agenesis in pediatric patients Metropolitan Area of Caracas Venezuela

La agenesia dental es la anomalía del desarrollo más frecuente en el ser humano, estando frecuentemente asociada a maloclusiones y alteraciones estéticas y funcionales. Determinar la prevalencia y distribución de la agenesia dental en dos grupos de niños del Área Metropolitana de Caracas-Venezuela. Fueron evaluadas 1.188 radiografías panorámicas previamente realizadas de pacientes con edades comprendidas entre 5 y 18 años, tanto en un servicio universitario como en una clínica privada. Fueron excluidos pacientes con Hendidura Labio Palatina (HLP), condiciones sistémicas o síndromes. Se registró la agenesia de dientes permanentes, exceptuando terceros molares. Fueron calculados estadísticos descriptivos , porcentajes, , diferencias entre promedios (t de Student, con significación estadística p=0,05) y correlaciones entre variables (rho de Pearson, con significación estadística p=0,01). La prevalencia de agenesia fue de 5,6%, registrándose 66 pacientes afectados, con mayor proporción para el género femenino (razón 1,44). La media de dientes ausentes fue de 1,64, observándose un total de 108 dientes con agenesia. Los promedios por género y grupo de estudio no mostraron diferencias estadísticamente significativa entre. Los segundos premolares inferiores fueron los más afectados (35,19%), seguidos de los incisivos laterales superiores (30,55%). El 90,9% de los casos presentó agenesia de uno o dos dientes. Hubo diferencias entre géneros en la distribución de agenesia y se halló correlación inversa entre la presencia de agenesia en el maxilar superior y el inferior. La prevalencia y distribución de agenesia dental en esta investigación está en concordancia con la reportado en estudios internacionales. Los patrones de agenesia variaron entre géneros, siendo el femenino.

Dental agenesis is the most common developmental anomaly in humans, frequently associated with malocclusion with esthetic and functional consequences. The purpose of this study is to determine the prevalence and distribution of dental agenesis in two groups of children from the Caracas Metropolitan Area-Venezuela. 1,188 panoramic radiographs from patients ages 5 to 18 years old were studied for agenesis of permanent teeth excluding third molars. Radiographs were previously taken in both a University Clinical Service and a private practice. Patients with cleft lip and palate, systemic disease or syndromes were excluded. Descriptive analysis of data was performed, as well as differences between means (Student t test p=0.05) and correlations (Pearson p=0.01). Dental agenesis affected 66 patients, for a prevalence of 5.6%. Females were most affected (1.44 to 1) with an overall mean of 1.64. The difference of means between genders and populations were not statistically significant. A total of 108 teeth were missing, being the most affected the second mandibular premolars (35.19%), followed by the lateral maxillary incisors. 90,9% of patients presented agenesis of one or two teeth. Differences were observed in the distribution of dental agenesis between genders and inverse correlation was obtained for dental agenesis between the maxilla and mandible. The results of prevalence and distribution of dental agenesis in this study agree with previous international studies. Patterns were variable between genders; females were more affected than males.

Associação entre caninos inclusos e agenesias de incisivos laterais superiores permanentes / Association between impacted maxillary permanent canines and agenesis of permanent lateral superior incisors

Objetivo: Avaliar a prevalência de pacientes de Ortodontia com caninos superiores permanentes inclusos (CSPI), e sua localização e associação com a agenesia dos incisivos laterais superiores permanentes (ILSP). Materiais e métodos: A amostra foi constituída a partir dos prontuários de 825 pacientes, sendo o Grupo Experimental (GE) composto de 27 pacientes, 14 do sexo feminino (idades entre 10,5 anos e 15,4 anos) e 13 do sexo masculino (idades entre 11 anos e 17,6 anos), com CSPI e o Grupo Controle (GC) por 27 pacientes sem CSPI, pareados com GE de mesma idade e sexo. Analisaram-se a anamnese, o exame clínico, os modelos, as fotografias, radiografias panorâmica, periapicais e oclusais, telerradiografias cefalométrica lateral e póstero-anterior, em ambiente escurecido com negastocópio e lupa testeira (aumento 4x). Resultados: Observaram-se 27 pacientes (3,27%), totalizando 31 caninos inclusos, 51,85% ocorreram no sexo feminino e 48,15% no masculino; o Teste de Diferença de duas proporções verificou maior número de agenesias de ILSP(7) no GE do que no GC (1) (p = 0,0255) e que a ocorrência de agenesias concentrou-se nos pacientes comCSPI na região palatina (p = 0,0227). Conclusão: A prevalência de caninos superiores permanentes inclusosé de 3,27%, mais frequente por palatino e há dependência entre a prevalência aumentada de agenesia deincisivos laterais superiores permanentes e a inclusão palatina de caninos superiores.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of included permanent maxillary canines (IPMC) in orthodontic patients, their location and association of agenesis of the permanent upper lateral incisors (PULI). Materials and methods: A sample from the medical records of 825 patients was analyzed. The experimental group (E.G.) was composed of 27 patients with IPMC, including 14 females (aged from 10.5 to 15.4 years) and 13 males (aged from 11.0 to 17.6 years). The control group (CG) was made up of 27 patients without IPMC, paired with E.G. of the same age and sex. We analyzed clinical histories and clinical examinations, models, photographs; also panoramic, periapical, occlusal and lateral radiographs, and lateral and antero-posterior cephalometric teleradiographs were examined in a darkened room with an illuminated viewbox and headband magnifier (4X magnification). Results: There were 27 patients (3.27%) with IPMC, totaling 31 included maxillary canines, 51,85% in females and 48.15% in males. The difference in proportions test found a higher number of cases of PULI agenesis (7) in the E.G. than in the CG (1) (p = 0.0255) and that the occurrence of agenesis was concentrated in patients with palatal IPMC (p = 0.0277). Conclusions: The prevalence of included permanent maxillary canines is 3.27%, more frequent in the palatine area. There is dependence between the increased prevalence of agenesis of permanent upper lateral incisors and palatal impaction of maxillary canines.

Agenesia en dentición permanente / Agenesis in permanent dentition

Objetivo Determinar la frecuencia de agenesia dental en dentición permanente. Materiales y Métodos Se incluyeron 112 pacientes que acudieron al servicio de imagenología de la Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, de enero a julio del 2008, mayores de 13 años, sin extracciones dentales ni síndromes genéticos, a quienes se les tomó ortopantomografía. Se registraron variables sociodemográficas y antecedentes familiares de agenesia dental. La información se procesó en SPSS 15,0. Se utilizó estadística descriptiva para determinar la frecuencia de agenesia. Para evaluar la asociación de agenesia con sexo, antecedente familiar, y línea familiar se usó X2. Resultados En el grupo estudiado el 53 por ciento fueron mujeres, la media de edad fue 22±4,7 años. El 26 por ciento presentó agenesia, 21,4 por ciento tuvo agenesia de al menos un tercer molar, el 4,5 por ciento mostró agenesia de otros dientes. Las líneas familiares paterna y materna mostraron proporciones similares. Agenesia dental y sexo son independientes X2=0,881, p=0,348. Antecedente familiar y línea familiar mostraron asociación significativa, p<0,001. Conclusiones La proporción global de agenesia dental fue de 26 por ciento. El sexo y agenesia dental son independientes. Los antecedentes familiares de agenesia se asocian significativamente a la agenesia dental.

Objective This study was aimed at determining the prevalence of dental agenesis in permanent dentition. Materials and Methods A group of 112 patients who came to UNAM's Dental School imaging department from January to July 2008 were included in the study. The patients had to be over 13 years old, having had no dental extractions or genetic syndromes. A panoramic radiography was taken of each of them. Sociodemographic variables and family history of dental agenesis were recorded. SPSS 15.0 was used for processing the information. Descriptive statistics were used for determining agenesis frequency; X2 was used for assessing agenesis association with gender, family history and family line. Results 53 percent of the group being studied were female; mean age was 22±4.7. 26 percent of the patients presented dental agenesis (21.4 percent of at least one third molar, 4.5 percent presented other tooth agenesis). Both paternal and maternal family lines had similar percentages regarding a background of agenesis. Dental agenesis and sex were independent (X2=0.881; p=0.348). Family history and family line showed a significant association (p<0.001). Conclusions There was 26 percent overall dental agenesis. Gender and dental agenesis were independent. A family background of agenesis was significantly associated with dental agenesis.

Análisis mutacional del gen MSX1 en pacientes con FLPNS e hipodoncia / Mutation analysis of MSX1 gene in patients with NSCLP and hypodontia

Introducción. La etiología de la hendidura labio-palatina es compleja e involucra factores genéticos y ambientales. Además de la hendidura, numerosos estudios han reportado la presencia de anomalías dentales en asociación con varias formas de hendidura labial,palatina o ambas; entre estas anomalías se ha encontrado la prevalencia de agenesia dental. La idea de que los mismos factores etiológicos que causan la formación de la hendidura afectan el desarrollo de la dentición, es apoyada por varios autores que proponen al genMSX1 como candidato para estos dos fenotipos. Una mutación nonsense (Ser104stop) en el exon 1 del gen MSX1 se encontró en una familia danesa, en la que unos miembros presentaban agenesia dental o hendidura palatina y otros presentaban las dos entidadesasociadas. A pesar de que se han realizado varios estudios sobre anomalías dentales en pacientes con hendidura labio-palatina y existen estudios que confirman a MSX1 como ungen candidato tanto para hipodoncia como para hendiduras oro-faciales, la interpretación de los resultados ha sido muy compleja. Objetivo. Determinar la presencia de la mutación reportada en pacientes colombianos con hendidura labio-palatina e hipodoncia. Materiales y métodos. Se analizaron 30 pacientes, 22 con hendidura labio-palatina y 8 sólo con hipodoncia, y 60 controles sanos, mediante exámenes clínicos y radiográficos; se les tomaron muestras de sangre por venopunción, se extrajo el ADN y se realizó amplificación por la técnica de PCR del exón 1. Posteriormente, se llevó a cabo un análisis de restricción. Resultados. De los pacientes con hendidura labio-palatina, 16 presentaron agenesias dentalesfuera y dentro del área de hendidura, la mayoría fueron laterales y premolares superiores. La mayoría de los pacientes con hipodoncia únicamente, presentaron ausencias de incisivos. Además, presentaron otras anomalías dentarias, como micrognatismo, dientes supernumerarios y prognatismo mandibular...

Introduction: The etiology of non-syndromic cleft lip palate is complex and involves genetic and environmental factors. Additional to the fissure itself, numerous studies have reported the presence of dental anomalies with various forms of cleft lip, cleft palate or both. The prevalence of dental agenesis has been found within these anomalies. The idea that the same etiology factors which cause the formation of the cleft affect the dental development is supported by various authors who propose the MSX1 gene to be the candidate for these two phenotypes. A nonsense mutation in the exon 1 of the MSX1 gene was found in a Danish family in which one of the members presented dental agenesis and/or cleft palate and others presented both entities. Although various studies have been associated reported with respect to dental anomalies in patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip palate and there are studies which confirm MSX1 as a candidate gene for hypodontia and orofacial fissures, the interpretation of the results has been very complex.Objective: To determine the presence of the mutation reported in Colombian patients with nonsyndromic cleft lip palate and hypodontia. Materials and methods: 30 patients, 22 with non-syndromic cleft lip palate and 8 with only hypodontia and 60 healthy patients were clinically and radiographically analyzed. Blood samples were taken through venopunction, the DNA was extracted and the PCR technique was utilized. Afterwords, the restriction analysiswas carried out...

Estágio atual sobre o conhecimento da agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores permanentes / Current stage of knowledge of agensis of upper lateral incisors permanent

A agenesia de incisivos laterais superiores permanentes é uma anomalia frequente, que pode acarretar alterações oclusais, estéticas e funcionais. As duas alternativas de tratamento comumente utilizadas são o fechamento do espaço ortodôntico e a abertura oumanutenção deste, sendo a primeira delas a de maior relevância.

Congenittally absent maxillary lateral incisors is a common anomally andfrequently introduces an imbalance in occlusion, aesthetics andfunctional factors. Purposes of treatment are the possibility of orthodontic space closure or a space opening, as an alternativeapproach, the first one is the more relevance.

Agenesia dental en pacientes jóvenes: [revisión] / Dental agenesia in young patients

La agenesia dental o ausencia dental congénita, es un síndrome que se manifiesta en diversas poblaciones del mundo y genera múltiples consecuencias si su diagnóstico no se realiza oportunamente. Para determinar su prevalencia en los pacientes de cuatro Instituciones Prestadores de Servicios de Salud (IPS) del sector privado de Santiago de Cali se realizó un estudio descriptivo a partir de la revisión de 1.440 historias clínicas con sus correspondientes radiografías panorámicas. Estos registros pertenecían a usuarios de las cuatro instituciones cuyas edades oscilaron entre 14 y 21 años. Determinada la agenesia dental en 141 de las radiografías, se procedió a verificar clínicamente el impacto de la anomalía para establecer la correlación de la falta de formación de los gérmenes dentales con algunas variables como género, edad, grupo de dientes afectado, tipos de dientes, cantidad de dientes faltantes por la patología de desarrollo, cuadrantes y arcadas involucradas. Además se tomó nota de la posible presencia de algún síndrome que pudiera estar relacionado con la falta genética. Se puso especial atención en la proporción de agenesia de terceros molares respecto a los otros grupos de dientes afectados.

Dental Ageneses or dental congenital absence is a syndrome seen in world diverse populations and generates a lot of consequences that could be avoided if its diagnosis were opportune done. To determine its prevalence among young between 14 to 21 years old users of four private or public health services providers located at Santiago de Cali city, a descriptive study was carried out by 1.440 dental stories and its correspondent panoramic x-ray revision in order to determine the number and ratio of dental ageneses present on the age groups. It was found that 141 patients (10) had been diagnosed at least one ageneses tooth. On this information basis a clinical examination was accorded whit each patient in order to determine relationships among some variables as young gender, age, dental group affected, type of tooth involved, quadrant an arches and, in addition if there were some kind of syndrome that could be related. Special attention was placed on a possible association among third molar and other teeth agenesis.